Pancakes rise because of leavening agents — and which one you use depends on the recipe:

• Baking Powder:
• This is the most common in pancake recipes. It already contains both an acid and a base (baking soda + cream of tartar, plus starch). When mixed with liquid and heated, it releases carbon dioxide bubbles. These bubbles expand in the batter, making pancakes fluffy.
• Baking Soda:
• This only works if there’s an acidic ingredient in the batter (like buttermilk, yogurt, or lemon juice). The acid reacts with the baking soda to release carbon dioxide. Without acid, baking soda won’t make the pancakes rise — and you’d taste a soapy bitterness.

👉 Most recipes use baking powder alone, or a mix of baking soda + an acidic ingredient.

Thermal runaway

During thermal runaway lithium metal batteries generate sufficient heat to

cause adjacent cells to go into thermal runaway as a result the lithium metal cell releases an explosive combination of flammable electrolyte and molten lithium metal accompanied by a large pressure pulse.

The eyes at night,

The retina uses two photo receptors to send visual signals to the brain.

Cones near the center perceive fine detail and color rods on the edges help peripheral vision.

When looking directly at an object, the image is focused mainly on the Fovea, where detail is best seen.

Rogs are the primary receptors for night vision.

The concentration of cones in the Fovea can make a night blind spot in the center of the field of vision.

At night, sharpness, color, depth, perception, and judgment of size may be lost.

Night illusions can cause confusion and distractions during night flying.

Studies have identified five hazardous attitudes that can interfere with the ability to make sound decisions and properly exercise authority.

anti-authority, impulsivity, invulnerability, machoism and resignation